#ibn khaldun

[tovarisivan]

Read order for understanding All of The Lore™

@demobatteeth tu maš branje in igranje

[yeesiine]

شعور الإنسان بجهله ضرب من ضروب المعرفة.

Sensing one's ignorance is a form of knowledge.

[dieletztepanzerhexe]

In his influential book Desert Frontier, James Webb argues that the Western usage of the terms ‘white’ and ‘black’ as racial markers ‘seem to be a distant and refracted borrowing from the Arabo-African past’.

[...]

Hall retraces the history of Arabic racial discourse in the Sahara and Sahel since the 17th century, and their final intermixture with European racial discourses in the colonial period. With Webb, Hall argues that ecological changes in the region since the 16th century worked in favour of nomad pastoral groups to the disadvantage of sedentary communities, leading to the political and military dominance of the former over the latter. This dominance was partly legitimated in a racialist discourse on cultural and religious differences borrowed in part from the thinking of Ibn Khaldûn on the origins of phenotypical difference. Ibn Khaldûn refuted the ‘Ham thesis’, linking the origins of race to the story of Noah’s curse of his son Ham, but his thinking was racial in that he linked phenotypical difference to cultural, religious and mental inferiority, positioning the inhabitants of the most extreme zones, the Africans and the Slav populations of Europe close to animals. He explained this inferiority through the classic Greek theory of seven climatic zones, and the detrimental effects of living in the most northern and southern climates. Of course, this theory presented a major hermeneutical flaw in failing to explain the rise of Islam in such an intemperate climate as the Arabian Peninsula, which is refuted by insisting on the moderate influence of the sea winds, which temper the Arabian climate. But furthermore Ibn Khaldûn believed that the deficiencies caused by life in the harsh climatic zones could be mitigated by adherence to Islam*. This concept was, as Bruce Hall demonstrates, reworked in the Saharan context to become linked to descent from Arabic Muslim lineages.

First, ideas about ‘white’ Arab Islamic culture that originated in the IslamicMiddle East and North Africa were made part of Southern Saharan cultural identity by a reconfiguration of local genealogies connecting local Arabic- and Berber-speaking groups with important Arab Islamic historical figures in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Second, local Arabo-Berber intellectuals rewrote the history of relations between their ancestors and ‘black’ Africans in a way that made them the bearers of Islamic orthodoxy and the holders of religious authority in the Sahelian region.

The political dominance of these Arabo-Berber groups, partly originating in ecological advantages, was thus legitimated by a claim on Islamic cultural and religious heritage, handed down in particular lineages of Arabo-Berber origins. Thus, religion, behaviour and descent were primal traits of ‘race’. Bruce Hall summons this reasoning up as: ‘To be “Black” is to be a son of Ham; to be “White” is to be a bearer of “true” Islam’.

*The story of the curse of Ham is known in the Muslim world. It is even very likely that it was through Arabic texts that the link between this qur"anic and biblical story, and the origin of races came into European discourse. The link between “curse” and “black” is explicit in Arabic as both are derived from the same Arabic root: SWD

Lecocq, B. 2010. Disputed Desert. Decolonisation, Competing Nationalisms and Tuareg Rebellions in Northern Mali.

[thereaderquest]

“Throughout history many nations have suffered a physical defeat, but that has never marked the end of a nation. But when a nation has become the victim of a psychological defeat, then that marks the end of a nation.”

- Al Muqadimmah by Ibn Khaldun

[maslimanny]

A person's feeling of being ignorant is a form of knowledge.

- Ibn Khaldun

[geopolicraticus]

TODAY IN PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

ibn Khaldūn and the Introduction to History     

Monday 27 May 2024 is the 692nd anniversary of the birth of Abū Zayd 'Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī, better known to posterity as Ibn Khaldūn (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406), who was born in Tunis, under the Hafsid Sultanate, on this date in 1332 AD. His dates in the Islamic lunar calendar are 732 to 808 of the Hejira Era.

The Maqqadimmah by ibn Khaldūn, written as the introduction to a history proper, is a unique book that touches on many aspects of human life, such as one would need to know to understand history. In it, ibn Khaldūn depicts for us a world that is both strange and strangely familiar. Should we strip away this strange world to get at the perennial truths beneath it, or admire it intact, as an artifact and a monument to distant milieu?

Quora:              https://philosophyofhistory.quora.com/ 

Discord:           https://discord.gg/r3dudQvGxD

Links:               https://jnnielsen.carrd.co/

Newsletter:     http://eepurl.com/dMh0_-/

Text post:        https://geopolicraticus.substack.com/p/ibn-khaldun-and-the-introduction   

Video:              https://youtu.be/Z54QH1LVEdg    

Podcast:          https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/tF8P49ncXJb  

[ama979302]

[tle13]

[thesimplyone]

“Hard times create strong men, strong men create times of prosperity and comfort, prosperity brings out weak men, weak men create hard times.”

- Ibn khaldun

الأيام الصعبه تخرج رجال اقوياء

الرجال الاقوياء يصنعون الرخاء والترف

الرخاء يخرج رجال ضعفاء

الرجال الضعفاء يصنعون ايام صعبه.”

- ابن خلدون

[adambibliophile]

This is Ibn Khaldun’s theory about the cycle of nations throughout history, where he mentioned in his famous book “The Muqaddimah” that the state, no matter how great and how long it lasts, it must pass through these four stages. The destruction of a state starts with following the pleasures and whims to the point when its people forget the struggle and neglect the values & morals so they weaken little by little until another country overcomes and conquers them and seizes its goods and resources. Thus, the cycle of nations continues: nations rise and fall, one state arise upon the ruins of another, then another state becomes stronger and prevails to take over. It’s like the cycle of the individual: starts with childhood, then youth, then old age, and ends with death. This is the nature of nations. However, it does not prevent the state from falling in the early stages of its life.

All of this is true of what the social and political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli mentioned in his famous book "The Prince", where he took many of Ibn Khaldun's opinions to write his book. We also do not forget that Ibn Khaldun had preceded all sociologists in Europe in the Middle and Modern Ages with his research on the effect of air on human morals and their natures and their different conditions in terms of fertility and hunger, and he was also the first to research the urbanization of the land, and he spoke on the impact of regions in morals and urbanization.

Attached an overview of The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History

[lightdancer1]

To begin with with Ibn Khaldun:

It should be noted that in terms of the greats in shaping history, he is among the very highest of ranks. He is also the founding father of world history as a discipline (the Mongols are the ones who took the concept much further). His legacy, as a thinker and a conceiver of historical thoughts has a very direct relevance with the ebbing and flowing of Islamic societies in North Africa and what that did and didn't mean for the Sahel and further south.

[tovarisivan]

I'm convinced 50% of the reason capitalism survived us because we judge things as "cringe".

Ibn Khaldun faild to consider cringe as a form of inverse Asabiyyah, (or maybe he did, havent read the Muqaddimah.)

[hexjulia]

this is such a depressing sequence of events

[morihaus]

"durcorach the black drake made a dark and evil deal with mehrunes dagon in exchange for the power to conquer cyrodiil--" have you perhaps considered that it was simply the reachmen's asabiyyah overpowering a fractured and weak cyrodiil?

[beenasarwar]

Re-visiting Eqbal Ahmad's book launch at Harvard with Noam Chomsky

A message from the journalist Amitabh Pal about a mutual friend, David Barsamian of Alternative Radio in Colorado reminded me of this piece published in 2006, about an event with Noam Chomsky where I first met David. Sharing as it's still relevant.

A message from the journalist Amitabh Pal about a mutual friend, David Barsamian of Alternative Radio in Colorado reminded me of this piece originally published in The News on Sunday, 8 Oct. 2006, about an event with Noam Chomsky where I first met David. The article is still all-too relevant, but the link no longer works so I’m sharing the piece here without any changes; just added some…

[kbanews]

Pas Jadi Presiden, Anies Dinilai Akan Sukses Bikin Pelajar Lebih Mandiri

JAKARTA | KBA – Anies Rasyid Baswedan dinilai sangat cocok menjadi Presiden RI untuk memimpin bangsa menyongsong Indonesia Emas 2045. Latar belakangnya sebagai pendidik, Anies diyakini bakal mampu menyiapkan generasi muda menjadi SDM unggul pada saat Indonesia surplus demografi. Hal itu disampaikan Azzahra Putri Dinita, Mahasiswi Universitas Ibnu Khaldun (UIKA) Bogor, Jawa Barat kepada KBA News,…